Return on Equity
Explanation
ROE = Net Income / Shareholders' Equity. A ROE of 20% means the company generates $20 of profit for every $100 of equity. The DuPont decomposition breaks ROE into three components: profit margin × asset turnover × financial leverage. This reveals whether high ROE comes from margins (good), efficiency (good), or leverage (risky). Average S&P 500 ROE is approximately 18-20%. Companies consistently maintaining ROE above 20% typically possess durable competitive advantages. However, ROE can be artificially inflated by high debt (which reduces equity) or share buybacks.
Formula
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