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Price-to-Book Ratio

valuation
Definition
A valuation ratio comparing a stock's market price to its book value per share.

Explanation

P/B = Market Price Per Share / Book Value Per Share. A P/B below 1.0 means the market values the company below its accounting net worth — potentially a value opportunity or a sign of distress. P/B is most useful for asset-heavy industries: banks (average P/B around 1.0-1.5x), REITs, and utilities. It's less useful for asset-light companies (software, services) whose value comes from intangible assets not captured on the balance sheet. P/B is a key component of the value factor in academic finance (Fama-French HML).

Formula

P/B = Stock Price / Book Value Per Share

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