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Asset-Backed Security

fixed income
Definition
A financial security collateralized by a pool of assets such as loans, leases, credit card debt, or receivables.

Explanation

Asset-backed securities (ABS) transform illiquid assets into tradable securities through securitization. A bank pools thousands of auto loans, creates a special purpose vehicle (SPV), and issues bonds backed by the loan payments. Investors receive regular cash flows from the underlying loan payments. ABS played a central role in the 2008 financial crisis when mortgage-backed securities (a type of ABS) experienced mass defaults.

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