Black-Scholes Model
Definition
A mathematical model for pricing European-style options, developed by Fischer Black, Myron Scholes, and Robert Merton in 1973.
Explanation
The Black-Scholes model revolutionized options pricing by providing a closed-form solution based on five inputs: stock price, strike price, time to expiration, risk-free rate, and volatility. The model assumes log-normal stock price distribution, constant volatility, no dividends, and efficient markets. While these assumptions are violated in practice (creating the volatility smile), Black-Scholes remains the foundation of options pricing and the starting point for more complex models.
Formula
C = S₀N(d₁) - Ke^(-rT)N(d₂)
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